C&C++

Course Overview

The C and C++ Programming course is designed to build strong programming fundamentals and problem-solving skills. This course starts from basic concepts and gradually moves to advanced programming techniques using C and C++, which are widely used in system programming, application development, embedded systems, game development, and competitive programming. It is ideal for beginners, students, and aspiring software developers.

Module 1: Introduction to Programming

• What is programming?
• Importance of C and C++ languages
• History and applications of C and C++
• Compiler, interpreter, and linker concepts
• Installing IDEs and compilers (GCC, Turbo C++, Code::Blocks)
• Writing and executing first program

Module 2: Fundamentals of C Programming

• Structure of a C program
• Keywords, identifiers, and constants
• Variables and data types
• Input and output functions
• Operators (arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment)
• Comments and coding standards

Module 3: Control Statements

• Conditional statements
  • if, if-else, nested if
  • switch-case
• Looping statements
  • for loop
  • while loop
  • do-while loop
• Break, continue, and goto statements
• Flow control examples

Module 4: Functions in C

• Concept of functions
• Function declaration and definition
• Types of functions
• Call by value and call by reference
• Recursion
• Scope and lifetime of variables

Module 5: Arrays and Strings

• One-dimensional arrays
• Multi-dimensional arrays
• String handling functions
• Character arrays
• Common string operations
• Practical examples using arrays and strings

Module 6: Pointers in C

• Introduction to pointers
• Pointer variables and addresses
• Pointer arithmetic
• Pointers and arrays
• Pointers and functions
• Dynamic memory allocation (malloc, calloc, realloc, free)

Module 7: Structures and Unions

• Defining structures
• Accessing structure members
• Array of structures
• Nested structures
• Union concepts
• Difference between structure and union

Module 8: File Handling in C

• Introduction to file handling
• File operations (open, read, write, append, close)
• File modes
• Reading and writing text files
• Error handling in files

Module 9: Introduction to C++ Programming

• Difference between C and C++
• Features of C++
• Structure of C++ program
• Input/output using cin and cout
• Namespaces
• Tokens and operators in C++

Module 10: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

• Introduction to OOP
• Classes and objects
• Data members and member functions
• Access specifiers (public, private, protected)
• Constructors and destructors
• Static members

Module 11: Advanced OOP Concepts

• Inheritance
• Types of inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Function overloading
• Operator overloading
• Virtual functions
• Runtime polymorphism

Module 12: Exception Handling & Templates

• Introduction to exception handling
• try, catch, throw keywords
• Multiple catch blocks
• Templates (function templates, class templates)
• Generic programming concepts

Module 13: File Handling in C++

• File streams (ifstream, ofstream, fstream)
• Reading and writing files in C++
• File pointer manipulation
• Binary file handling basics

Module 14: STL (Standard Template Library)

• Introduction to STL
• Containers (vector, list, map, set)
• Iterators
• Algorithms
• Practical use of STL